1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v3 8.2
- ATTENTION: Low attack complexity
- Vendor: Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD)
- Equipment: Alaris PCU, Guardrails Editor, Systems Manager, Calculation Services, CQI Reporter
- Vulnerabilities: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity, Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature, Missing Support for Integrity Check, Cross-site Scripting, Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to compromise sensitive data, hijack a session, modify firmware, make changes to system configurations, among other system impacts.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following versions of BD Alaris system products are affected:
- BD Alaris Point-of-Care Unit (PCU) Model 8015: Versions 12.1.3 and prior
- BD Alaris Guardrails Editor: Versions 12.1.2 and prior
- BD Alaris Systems Manager: Versions 12.3 and prior
- CQI Reporter: v10.17 and prior
- Calculation Services: Versions 1.0 and prior
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20
In BD Alaris Point-of-Care Unit (PCU) Model 8015 v12.1.3 and prior, the firmware update package for the wireless card is not properly signed and can be modified.
CVE-2023-30559 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H).
3.2.2 IMPROPER AUTHENTICATION CWE-287
In BD Alaris Point-of-Care Unit (PCU) Model 8015 v12.1.3 and prior, the configuration from the PCU can be modified without authentication using physical connection to the PCU.
CVE-2023-30560 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.3 MISSING ENCRYPTION OF SENSITIVE DATA CWE-311
In BD Alaris Point-of-Care Unit (PCU) Model 8015 v12.1.3 and prior, the data flowing between the PCU and its modules is insecure. A threat actor with physical access could read or modify data by attaching a specially crafted device while an infusion is running.
CVE-2023-30561 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
3.2.4 INSUFFICIENT VERIFICATION OF DATA AUTHENTICITY CWE-345
BD Alaris Guardrails Editor (GRE) v12.1.2 and prior has a GRE dataset file within Systems Manager that can be tampered with and distributed to the PCUs.
CVE-2023-30562 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H).
3.2.5 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF INPUT DURING WEB PAGE GENERATION (‘CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING’) CWE-79
In the BD Alaris Systems Manager (SM) v12.3 and prior, a malicious file could be uploaded into a System Manager User Import Function resulting in a hijacked session.
CVE-2023-30563 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).
3.2.6 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF INPUT DURING WEB PAGE GENERATION (‘CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING’) CWE-79
BD Alaris Systems Manager (SM) v12.3 and prior does not perform input validation during the Device Import Function.
CVE-2023-30564 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N.
3.2.7 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319
An insecure connection between Systems Manager and CQI Reporter v10.17 application could expose infusion data to an attacker.
CVE-2023-30565 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 3.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
3.2.8 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF XML EXTERNAL ENTITY REFERENCE CWE-611
A lack of input validation within Apache Log4Net (due to an outdated software version) could allow a threat actor to execute malicious commands.
CVE-2018-1285 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 3.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Healthcare, Public Health
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States
3.4 RESEARCHER
BD reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
To reduce the risk associated with these vulnerabilities, BD recommends users implement the following mitigations and compensating controls:
- Provide appropriate network perimeter security, such as using firewalls, or create Access Control Lists (ACL) to limit network traffic from devices to only the required ports on the required endpoints.
- The PCU only requires access to DNS, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) and SM on port 3613. The PCU does not accept unsolicited inbound traffic.
- BD recommends segmenting BD Alaris PCUs onto a separate virtual local area network (VLAN) to further enhance the security of BD Alaris PCUs.
- Users should control network access to the SM server image by restricting external access to only those addresses and ports indicated in Chapter 1 of the SM Virtual Machine Deployment Guide.
- Users should apply SSL certificates from valid Certificate Authorities, per Chapter 9 of the same document.
- Follow Chapter 1 of the Alaris System Maintenance Software User Manual to enable an authentication challenge password for network configuration changes.
- See the Network Settings section of the Alaris System Maintenance User Manual for details on how to manage these credentials.
- Network Settings in the Alaris System Maintenance User Manual details managing these credentials.
- Monitor network traffic for unusual or unexpected traffic and activity. If users suspect credentials have been exposed, change credentials immediately.
- Utilize MAC filtering on the network segment containing the BD Alaris System to restrict access to only those approved devices needed.
- Periodically inspect BD Alaris System components to ensure running the correct software versions.
- Use the instructions in Chapter 4 of the SM User Manual or Section 6.2.10 of the BD Alaris PCU and Pump Module Technical Service Manual to find software versions.
- Adhere to industry security best practices regarding access control, identification and authorization, personnel security, and physical protection of assets, as recommended by NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2.
- Inspect the BD Alaris System prior to use for signs of tampering as indicated in the FIPS 140-2 Compliance Instructions for BD Alaris System Products Service Manual.
For more information, refer to BD’s security bulletin.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities.