In the ongoing ClearFake campaign, threat actors are utilizing deceptive techniques such as fake reCAPTCHA and Cloudflare Turnstile verifications to entice users into downloading malware like Lumma Stealer and Vidar Stealer. Initially identified in July 2023, ClearFake exploits compromised WordPress sites to distribute malware through fake web browser update baits.
One noteworthy aspect of the ClearFake campaign is its use of the EtherHiding technique to fetch the next-stage payload via Binance’s Smart Chain contracts, enhancing the attack chain’s resilience. The ultimate objective of these infection chains is to deploy information-stealing malware capable of targeting both Windows and macOS systems.
As of May 2024, ClearFake attacks have evolved to include ClickFix, a social engineering tactic that tricks users into running malicious PowerShell code under the guise of fixing a non-existent technical issue. The latest variant of ClearFake leverages Web3 capabilities to encrypt the ClickFix-related HTML code, creating a multi-stage attack sequence that begins with a victim visiting a compromised site.
Sekoia’s recent analysis reveals that ClearFake has now integrated interactions with the Binance Smart Chain, loading JavaScript codes and resources to fingerprint the victim’s system and display the ClickFix lure. This updated framework results in the deployment of Emmenhtal Loader, leading to the distribution of Lumma Stealer. Additionally, a separate ClearFake attack chain observed in January 2025 installed Vidar Stealer through a PowerShell loader.
The widespread impact of ClearFake is evident in the compromise of over 9,300 websites, highlighting the ongoing threat posed by this campaign. As phishing campaigns continue to evolve with sophisticated tactics, organizations must prioritize robust authentication and access-control measures to defend against evolving threats like Adversary-in-the-Middle and Browser-in-the-Middle techniques. As an original author, I am excited to share with you the fascinating world of marine life and the important role they play in our ecosystem. From the majestic whales to the tiny plankton, every creature in the ocean has a unique contribution to the health of our planet.
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