1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v4 9.3
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
- Vendor: Optigo Networks
- Equipment: ONS NC600
- Vulnerability: Use of Hard-coded Credentials
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to establish an authenticated connection with the hard-coded credentials and perform OS command executions.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following versions of Optigo Networks ONS NC600 are affected:
- ONS NC600: Versions 4.2.1-084 through 4.7.2-330
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS CWE-798
In Optigo Networks ONS NC600 versions 4.2.1-084 through 4.7.2-330, an attacker could connect with the device’s ssh server and utilize the system’s components to perform OS command executions.
CVE-2025-4041 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-4041. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Canada
3.4 RESEARCHER
Tomer Goldschmidt of Claroty Team82 reported this vulnerability to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Optigo Networks recommends users implement at least one of the following additional mitigations:
- Use a dedicated NIC on the BMS computer and exclusively use the computer for connecting to OneView to manage your OT network configuration.
- Set up a router firewall with a white list for the devices permitted to access OneView.
- Connect to OneView via secure VPN.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- May 6, 2025: Initial Publication